By G. Matthewson
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Point-contact spectroscopy studies the non-linearities of the current-voltage characteristics resulting from the scattering of the electrons. Several review articles have appeared since this method has been developed in the early 1970’s [21, 22, 23, 24, 25], a comprehensive survey has been published recently [26]. 40 5 Probing the Energy Gap There is an important difference between tunnelling and point-contact spectroscopy1 , namely the existence of a direct metallic conductivity in the latter case.
3 Point-Contact Spectroscopy 41 (b) (a) S Si 3+x N4−x N (d) (c) Fig. 2. Experimental realisation of point-contacts: (a) “edge-to-edge” contact of sharp edges of bulk metals [33], (b) “needle-anvil” geometry of bulk electrodes [34], (c) mechanically controllable break junction [35], (d) nanolithographic point contact through Si3+x N4−x membrane [36] probability D of electrons passing through the constriction [32]. In the first regime, the ballistic regime, electrons in the presence of an applied voltage V are transmitted ballistically through the contact yielding energy-resolved, i.
Therein). Here, only µ+ spin rotation is considered since positive muons are used much more extensively than negative muons in solid state physics research. Muons belong to the lepton family and are produced via pion decay within the pion mean lifetime of τ = 26 ns. 2 µs according to µ+ −→ e+ + νe + ν¯µ , where e+ is a positron and νe and ν¯µ are neutrinos. Two important properties make the muons suitable as a solid state probe: 1. muons produced in the above way are 100% spin-polarized in the pion rest frame and 2.
Constructing an Astronomical Telescope by G. Matthewson
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